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Question

E. Penalties: Philosophical Theories

In relation to penalties, consider the following scenario:

Alex, a renowned philosopher, has published a controversial book that challenges traditional societal norms. The book discusses radical ideas that question the underlying principles of law and justice. Some critics argue that the ideas put forth in the book may be considered as advocating for criminal behavior. As a result, a group of individuals file a complaint against Alex, alleging that the book incites violence and rebellion.

Based on the Philippine legal framework, discuss the following:

1. What philosophical theories may be applicable in determining whether the book incites violence and rebellion?
2. Under Philippine laws, what penalties, if any, may be imposed on Alex if found guilty of inciting violence and rebellion through his book?

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Answer